01
The filing period runs from publication, not actual notice
For participation in the first meeting during supervision, Article 71 allows 30 calendar days from publication. A late claim survives but is examined in the next procedure, potentially removing influence over early decisions.
- Calendar
- Record the official publication and deadline.
- Filing
- Submit electronically to the court and send to debtor and office-holder.
- Amount
- Separate principal, interest, penalties and costs.
- Status
- Plead security and requested priority expressly.
02
A contract shows the legal basis but not always a real debt
The court tests actual performance: delivery, work product, use of goods, loan movement, funding source, authority, accounting and tax records. A reconciliation statement or payment order cannot replace the whole commercial chain.
03
A judgment matters, but the insolvency court still determines status
A final judgment normally proves existence and quantum, yet priority, security and the nature of intragroup financing remain for the insolvency court. Review participation in the original case and any signs that the judgment was engineered.
04
An objection should present an alternative factual account
Identify concrete anomalies: impossible performance, transit payments, lender funding capacity, inconsistent primary records, off-market terms, reciprocal flows and party links. Seek bank, tax, corporate and group records where necessary.
05
Fabricated debt creates artificial voting power and dilutes recovery
Sham loans, supply or works may control a creditors’ meeting or divert the estate. Trace funds and goods, productive capacity, warehouse and logistics, ultimate recipients, funding sources and coordinated conduct.
06
Affiliation raises the disclosure standard but does not itself defeat a claim
The Supreme Court requires a connected creditor to dispel reasonable doubts and disclose material transaction and intragroup-flow facts. Connection alone does not automatically subordinate a genuine commercial claim.
07
Rescue financing by a controller should not compete with independent creditors
Where a controller finances a debtor in an asset crisis instead of allowing timely insolvency, repayment may rank immediately before the liquidation quota. Test crisis date, purpose, genuine turnaround plan and the difference from arm’s-length lending.
08
Assignment does not cleanse the original ranking
A sale to an apparently independent assignee does not elevate subordinated rescue financing. Examine the original creditor, origin and timing, assignment price and payment, assignee control and coordinated behaviour.
09
Secured status must be proved together with the debt
Provide the security agreement, asset identification, registration, creation date, secured amount and evidence that the debtor owns the asset. Test avoidability, junior security, proceeds, preservation costs and sale terms.
10
Ranking determines the economics of participation
Separate post-filing expenses from register claims, principal from sanctions, and secured from unsecured portions. As a base rule, 70% of collateral proceeds goes to the secured creditor, or 80% for secured credit-agreement claims, subject to Article 138 allocations.
11
A foreign creditor proves both the debt and the document’s effect in Russia
Review jurisdiction, governing law, dispute clause, recognition, apostille or legalisation, translation, currency and quantum. Without a foreign judgment, prove the obligation under the applicable substantive law.
12
Following reform, some claims are determined without a hearing
Absent reasoned objections, the court may issue only the operative part without summoning parties. A request for reasons and appeal require close deadline control. Newly discovered grounds permit an application to remove or reprioritise a claim within three months of knowledge or constructive knowledge.
13
Creditor claim file
Publication and calendar; calculation; contract suite; primary records; judgments; bank statements; source of funds; accounting and tax records; correspondence; authority; affiliation disclosure; assignment history; security and registration; FX calculation; service evidence; draft response to expected objections.