The Public Prosecution, the convict liable for civil damages, the Plaintiff, and the insurer may each appeal in cassation the final judgments rendered by the court of appeal on any felony or misdemeanor in the following instances: 1. If the contested judgment is based on violation, misapplication or misinterpretation of the law; 2. If the judgment involved an invalidity or where a procedural invalidity has affected the judgment; 3. If the court adjudicates on the civil claim in excess of the relief sought by the claimant; 4. If the contested judgment is lacking the grounds thereof, or if such grounds are insufficient or vague; or 5. If two contradictory judgments are rendered on a single incident. The Petitioner may prove, based on all methods of evidence, that the legal procedures have been violated or misapplied, if they are not recorded in the hearing transcript or in the contested judgment. But if they are mentioned in either of them or have been properly applied, the Petitioner may only prove their violation by way of forgery allegation.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.