A person is considered an accomplice by causation of the crime if he: 1. Instigates the commission of the crime, and it has been committed as a result of such instigation. 2. Agrees with another person to commit the crime, and it has been committed as a result of such agreement. 3. Gives the perpetrator a weapon, tools or any other thing which the latter has knowingly used in committing the crime; or he who has deliberately aided the perpetrator in any other way in the preparation, facilitation or completion of the crime. The accomplice shall in these cases be liable, whether he is in direct contact with the perpetrator or through an intermediary.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.