Any individual who has committed a crime alone or who has acted as direct accomplice therein shall be considered a perpetrator thereof. The accomplice shall be deemed a direct one in the following cases: 1. If he commits the crime in association with others. 2. If he participates in committing the crime, which consists of a series of acts, and he deliberately commits one of the acts of which the crime is constituted. 3. If he makes use of another person, in any way whatever, for the perpetration of the act constituting the crime, and if the latter is not criminally liable for any reason whatever.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.