Forgery of a document is a change of its genuineness by any of the means stated hereinafter, resulting in harm, for the purpose of using it as a valid instrument. The following are considered means of forgery: 1. Making a change in an existing document by way of addition, deletion or alteration, whether in the writing, numbers, marks, or in photographs appearing therein. 2. Putting a forged signature or seal, or altering a genuine signature, seal, or thumb-print. 3. Obtaining, by means of surprise or fraud, a signature, seal or thumb-print of a person without his knowledge the contents of the document or without validly giving consent thereto. 4. Fabricating or counterfeiting a document and attributing it to a third party. 5. Filling a paper signed, sealed or thumb-printed paper in blank without the consent of the person who signed, sealed or thumb-printed it. 6. Impersonating or substituting the identity of a person in a document made to verify such identity. 7. Altering the truth in a document made for verifying such truth.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.