Upon denial and in the absence of a lawful excuse, the following actions shall not be heard: 1. actions arising from a bill against the acceptor after three years from maturity; 2. actions by the holder against endorsers or the drawer after one year from a protest made within the legal period, or from maturity where the bill contains a clause for recourse without expenses; 3. actions by endorsers against one another or against the drawer after six months from the day the endorser paid the bill or from the day proceedings were brought against that endorser.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.