01
Map the money before setting the payment calendar
Identify accounts, expected recoveries, preservation and sale costs, post-petition liabilities, registered claims, security and unresolved disputes. For every payment record the legal basis, class, accrual date and evidence. A priority error affects the whole class.
- Cash
- Ordinary and special accounts.
- Claims
- Post-petition, registered, secured and late.
- Timing
- Accrual date and calendar priority.
- Evidence
- Court order, register, primary records and bank trail.
02
Accrual determines a post-petition claim
Monetary and mandatory liabilities arising after the court accepts the insolvency petition are generally post-petition and stay outside the creditor register. The invoice date alone is not decisive: analyse when the obligation arose, its performance period and specific treatment of tax, leases, continuing contracts and litigation costs.
03
Post-petition claims have five statutory classes
First come court costs, office-holder remuneration and mandatory professionals; second, post-petition employee pay and severance; third, other professionals retained by the office-holder; fourth, operating utilities and similar charges; fifth, all other post-petition claims. Claims in one class follow calendar priority. Disaster-prevention spending at hazardous sites has special precedence.
04
The register is paid only after the post-petition perimeter
The core register order is life and health claims; employee severance, pay and author remuneration; then other insolvency creditors and public authorities. Special sub-priorities apply, so reconcile the full register, security status, interest, penalties and related-party claims before payment.
05
A disputed claim cannot simply be ignored
If recognition of a post-petition claim remains pending when distributions to its class begin, the office-holder must reserve enough for proportional payment. Pending disputes over the register, security and costs must also be modelled before irreversible distributions.
06
Insufficient cash within one class means pro rata
Classes are paid sequentially. If the estate cannot pay one class in full, the available amount is shared proportionally unless a specific statutory rule applies. A creditor cannot privately reorder the waterfall.
07
Collateral proceeds have a separate waterfall
Statutory preservation and sale costs are accounted for before the prescribed allocation between the secured creditor and estate. The model varies with the obligation and debtor category. Test the special account, sale price, costs, interest and residual balance.
08
A late claim cannot leapfrog the timely register
Claims filed after register closure are generally paid from remaining assets after timely claims. Verify notice, filing deadline, any restoration ground and special status. Claims unpaid for insufficiency are discharged as prescribed, although distinct claims against third parties may survive.
09
Dation in payment requires a formal creditor process
Unsold assets may be offered to creditors under a proposal approved by the meeting or committee. It must state assets, value, acceptance period, allocation and agreement terms. Claims that must legally be paid in cash are protected through a special-account contribution.
10
The final report must trace every rouble
After distributions, the office-holder files a final report and supporting evidence. The file should reconcile estate assets, sales, recoveries, post-petition payments, register, reserves, collateral proceeds, bank statements, discharged claims, unsold property and controller-liability work.
11
Unsold and residual property follows a separate route
After creditor refusal or completion of distributions, the office-holder notifies the unitary-enterprise owner or company participants of their right to take the remainder and makes required disclosures. Unclaimed receivables are written off under the statute; assets cannot be informally extracted.
12
Closure occurs on the company-register entry, not the report
The court orders completion and that order may be appealed until the liquidation entry. An appeal suspends implementation. Once the order is filed, the registrar records liquidation within five days; the proceeding legally ends on that entry.
13
Distribution control file
Bank statements and special accounts; dated post-petition ledger; creditor register; court orders; disputed-claim reserve; pro-rata model; security waterfall; preservation and sale costs; payment orders; receipts; dation documents; unsold property; office-holder reports; creditor minutes; final report; court completion order; company-register extract.