1. The aval shall be written on the bill of exchange itself or on a paper attached thereto in such wording as to indicate being an "aval" and shall be signed by the giver of the aval. 2. Such aval shall be established by the mere signature of the giver of the aval placed on the face of the bill of exchange, unless such signature is affixed by the drawee or drawer. 3. The wording of the aval shall include the name of the guarantor, otherwise, it shall be deemed as issued for the drawer.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.