1. The time limit for challenging a judgment shall commence on the day immediately following the date on which the judgment is rendered, unless the law provides otherwise. Such a time limit shall commence as of the day on which the judgment is served upon the losing party, in the circumstances where the latter has failed to appear in all hearings scheduled for the legal proceeding and to file a statement of defense, and also where the losing party has failed to appear and to file a submission at all hearings following the resumption of the legal proceeding after the same has been stayed for any reasons whatsoever. 2. The time limit shall commence on the day of serving the judgment, in the event that any of the grounds for stay of the legal proceeding occurs and the judgment is rendered without suing the party acting in lieu of the litigant who passed away or lost the locus standi or whose legal capacity ceased to exist. 3. The judgment shall be served according to the situations described in Articles [9 and [10] of this Code. 4. Failure to abide by the time limits for challenging the judgments shall cause the right to challenge judgment to be forfeited, and the Court shall decide the same sua sponte.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.