1. The court may impose legal costs against the expenses arising from a legal proceeding or defense based on malicious grounds. 2. Without prejudice to the provisions of Article [133] of this Code, the court may, upon rendering a judgment on the merits, order a fine of not less than [AED 1,000] one thousand dirhams and not exceeding [AED 10,000] ten thousand dirhams against the litigant who takes an action or files a claim, motion or defense based on malicious grounds.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.