01
Document overview
The framework statute on merchants, commercial obligations, sale, intermediation, banking transactions and commercial paper.
02
Scope and exclusions
Applies to
Applies to commercial relationships and acts classified as commercial, unless a special statute provides otherwise.
Limitations and exclusions
Does not displace special company, banking, insurance, securities, consumer, competition or insolvency rules.
04
Official source
Royal Decree 55/1990 · as amended · Ministry of Justice and Legal Affairs
September 13, 2026
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