1. The Defendant shall be served by any of the following means: a. Audio or video recorded call, SMS to mobile phone, smart applications, email, fax, other modern means of communication or by any other means to be agreed upon by the parties from among the means of service described herein; b. By hand delivery to the Defendant at his / her place of residence or domicile, or to his / her attorney. If the process fails to be served due to any reason on the part of the Defendant, or if the latter refuses to receive the process, the same shall be construed as personal service upon the intended person. If the process server fails to find the Defendant at his / her place of residence or domicile, the process shall be served upon any person cohabitating with the intended person; i.e. his / her spouse, relative by blood or marriage or servant. If none of the above-mentioned persons is willing to receive the notice, or where there is no person upon whom the notice can be legally served, or the place of residence is closed, the process server shall either directly post the process visibly on the outer door of the intended recipient's place of residence, or post the same on the court's website; c. At the elected domicile of the Defendant; or d. At the place of work of the Defendant. If the Defendant is not available at his / her place of work, the process shall be delivered to his boss, any person in charge of the management of the Defendant, or his / her colleague, with the exception of the service of process relating to personal status proceedings, which shall be served upon the Defendant in person at his / her place of work. 2. The process server shall verify the identity of the person served, by ensuring that his appearance indicates that he is at least eighteen [18] years of age, and that neither he nor his representative has an apparent interest that conflicts with that of the Defendant. If the process is served by the means of communications described in [1.A] of this Article, the process server shall ensure that the means of communication used is personally relating to the Defendant. If the notice is served by audio or video recorded calls, the process server shall draw up a report setting out the content, time and date of the call and the details of the call recipient. Such a report shall have the probative force as evidence and shall be enclosed with the case file. 3. If the Defendant cannot be served as indicated in Clause [1] of this Article, the matter shall be referred to the Case Management Office, the competent judge or the chief justice of the court, as the case may be, in order to gather information from at least one relevant entity and then serve the notice upon the intended person either by posting on the court's website or by publication in both a widely-circulated electronic or paper daily newspaper that is published in the State in Arabic, and a foreign newspaper published in a foreign language, if necessary, where the Defendant intended to be served is a foreigner.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.