1.The litigant against whom the testimony is given may show to the court or the supervising judge, as the case may be, the matters that would invalidate the testimony of the witness, i.e. challenging the witness or his testimony, and the court shall assess the effect of the same on the testimony. 2.The court or the supervising judge, as the case may be, may assess the fairness of witnesses in terms of their behavior and conduct and other circumstances of the case without the need for Tazkiyah (the mode of inquiry adopted by a court to satisfy itself as to the credibility of a witness). The court may, where appropriate, use methods it deems appropriate to assess the fairness of witnesses.
Interpretation and application must be checked against the official text and current version.